航行体水下垂直发射破冰出水数值模拟研究

A vehicle breaking through the ice and exiting the water vertically is a complex process of multi-physical fields coupled with ice, water and solid. In this study, a numerical calculation method coupling multiple physical fields was established based on the bond-based peridynamics method, boundary data immersion method, and rigid contact algorithm. Based on the experimental platform of a high-speed sphere entering water, the experiment of a sphere entering into water accompanied by ice breaking was conducted, and the numerical calculation method was verified using the experimental results. The dynamic characteristics of the underwater navigation phase, ice-breaking phase, and ice-decoupling phase of the vehicle were further investigated using numerical calculation methods. The typical features of ice crack development in the ice-breaking stage were accurately captured, including radial crack generation, radial crack extension, cross-crack generation, and circumferential crack generation. The effect of different ice thicknesses on the dynamic and ice-broken characteristics of the process was analyzed. Results show that, with the increase in thickness, the ice load on the vehicle becomes great, the velocity loss becomes higher, and the likelihood of forming circumferential cracks is reduced.